History of the airport of Merseburg
In the year of 1934 began the construction of the airport of Merseburg. The airport was planned as a protective installation for the industrial works of LEUNA, the chemical estate at the city of Böhlen und those under construction being chemical works of BUNA. The erection of those five hangars was made by the Phillip Holzman company in Neu Isenburg. The minister of Reichsluftfahrt, Hermann Göring celebrated the opening in October 1935.The building of further more airfields in the direct environment lead to the leasing of a part of the airport to the” Junkers-Werke” in Dessau. The Junkers-Stamm-Werke (The base) lead the airport of Merseburg as external site.
The prototype of the wide body glider JU-322 Mammut was developed, constructed and tested in Merseburg. The planned 60 air gliders were not realized because of the insufficient flight characteristics. One great part of newly build and converted airplanes has been the JU-88,JU188 and JU-388.
In april of 1945 (near the end of the war)approximately 60 socalled “Mistelgespanne“ existed on the airport of Merseburg. The “Mistelgespanne” consisted of an airplane Ju-88 serving as a wing bomb and the hunter single seater Messerschmidt Me-109 or the Fokke-Wulf Fw-190.Those were mounted detachable on top of the body of the Ju-88.The last existing Ju-388L-1 was build in Merseburg. It was moved to the National Air and Space Museum in Silver Hill/Maryland in the United States after the withdrawal of the allied forces and is still there in stock.
In summer 1945 the Soviet Air Force took over the airport of Merseburg. Up to 1991 the following types of airplanes were deployed there:
Mig-15, Mig-17, Mig-21, Mig-23, Mig-25, Mig-29,
Jak-12,
An-2, An-8, An-10, An-12, An-14 and
the helicopter Mi-8.
Trough the dislocation of the Soviet Air Force (GSSD) in Merseburg wide bodied air planes Iljushin-76 and the Antonow-22 were used.
Since 1992 a part of the former military airport is used by the Luftfahrt- und Technik-Museumspark Merseburg, from the Merseburger Luftsportverein e. V., Flugsportverein "Rudolf Oeltzschner" Merseburg e. V., Model flight club Merseburg e. V. and two parachute clubs.
- 1934
- After the expropriation of the ground and a payment of 1,9 million Reichsmark to the former owners the Phillip Holzmann company build by order of the Ministry of Reichsluftfahrt this airport.
- 1935
- Minister of Reichsluftfahrt Hermann Göring celebrated the opening ceremony. In 1935-1936 the pilots for the „Legion Condor“ were trained. After the end of the Spanish civil war those pilots,who collected a lot of war experience, trained young pilots in Merseburg. Also young pilots were trained on the Me-163 constructed as gliders.
- 1939
- All available cabinetmakers and carpenters of the region have been forced to work at Merseburg airport.
- 1940
- The technical office of the Ministery of Reichsluftfahrt gave orders to the Junkers-Werke to develop a wide body glider for heavy loads. As a result the Junkers-Werke leased three hangars in Merseburg from the Ministery of Reichsluftfahrt, (Our present hangar and two more hangars not existing anymore, they were located right and left from ours),as well as three barrack blocks as residential facilities for the employees of the Junkers-Werke Merseburg was an external construction site of the Junkers-Werke in Dessau. In Merseburg first new types of airplanes were developed exclusively.
- 1941
- The first flight of a wide body glider with a payload of 20 tons minimum was realized at the 3rd.of December 1941,the plane was called “Mammut Ju-322X”.The pilots were the flight captains Peter Hesselbach in the “Mammut” and Konrad Perrntaler in the towing plane,(a Junkers Ju-90Z-3 KB+LA,serial nr. 0002). Because of the wanted success failed over several training flights, the program“Warschau Ost“ was cancelled. In Merseburg the conversion of the Junkers Ju-52 as transporters with machine gun turret took place,as well as the Ju-52(Mausi) as mine sweeper for navy purposes. In Merseburg the Ju-88 was developed further to the Ju-388 serie and partially constructed. Also the Horten-Goda Blended-Wing-Body airplane was equipped with the 004-JUMO engines.The “Mistelgespanne” were developed in Merseburg and partially constructed here. The Ju-88 served as flying bomb with impact detonator,saddled up with the detachable aircrafts Me-109 or FW-190. At last a Blended-Wing-Body aircraft was developed and build with 6 engines Junkers JUMO 004,called „X-Flugzeug 422“.It was destroyed by a bomb attack on the airport of Köthen shortly before the war was ended.
After the stipulated retreatment of the allied forces(they took over the airport in April 1945)the Soviet forces occupied the airport of Merseburg. It was the largest Soviet airport on the territory of the GDR(56000 acres).They established there the 6.Red-Banner-Guards-Hunting-Pilots Division, a TASK-Force with only the best of their pilots. - to 1991
- Some generations of MIG persuit planes were established at this airfield.
- ince 1994
- a part of this former military airfield is in use by several aero clubs.